Maybe repeating myself, but the repeal of the Glsga-Steasel (sp?) Act in 1999, passed by Congress, signed by Clinton, probably Rubin’s baby removed any defense against speculation in the financial markets.The Act was put in place in 1933 after some thinking people, what are those? studied the Crash and Depression and determined that commercial banks and investment banks had to be separate entities. Repealing the Act in ’99 did away with Glass and cleared the way for speculation on a grand scale. We’re seeing the results now.